Affiliations 1 Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China. 2 School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China. 3 School of Nursing, Hebei University, Baoding, China. 4 Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, United States. 5 Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. 6 Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China. 7 Qingdao University School of Nursing, Qingdao, Shandong, China. 8 Department of Natural Sciences, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, TX, United States.
Introduction: Either exposure to secondhand smoke or frailty has been linked to adverse health outcomes in nonsmoking adults. However, their relationship is rarely studied. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between serum cotinine level and frailty status among non-smoking older adults. Method: The study population consisted of 2,703 older adults aged ≥60 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014. Non-smokers were included based on a serum cotinin...更多
Introduction: Either exposure to secondhand smoke or frailty has been linked to adverse health outcomes in nonsmoking adults. However, their relationship is rarely studied. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between serum cotinine level and frailty status among non-smoking older adults. Method: The study population consisted of 2,703 older adults aged ≥60 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014. Non-smokers were included based on a serum cotinine level ≤ 10 ng/mL and 2) a response of 'no' to the question, 'Do you currently smoke?' Frailty status was measured based on the Fried Phenotype and had three groups- robust, pre-frailty, and frailty. Multinomial logistic regression models were constructed to examine the association between serum cotinine level quartile and frailty status, controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, depressive symptoms, alcohol use, and systolic blood pressure. Results: About half of the participants were female , non-Hispanic White , and completed some college and above . Multinomial logistic regression with a reference group being those in the 1 quantile of serum cotinine level showed that participants in the 4 quartile of serum cotinine level had increased odds of pre-frailty vs. robust as well as increased odds of frailty vs. robust . Conclusions: Higher serum cotinine level is associated with increased risk of pre-frailty and frailty versus robust in non-smoking older adults. Prevention and reduction of SHS in older adults may help protect them from developing pre-frailty or frailty.收起
