Jinan Guo Ke Medical Technology Development Co. Ltd., Jinan, China. Electronic address: yinj@sibet.ac.cn.Affiliations 1 School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China. 2 CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, ChinaJinan Guo Ke Medical Technology Development Co. Ltd., Jinan, China. 3 Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China. 4 CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
Despite the increasing evidences for adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette -mediated efflux of nanoparticles, the universality of these phenomena and the determining factors for the process remained to be clarified. This paper aimed to systemically investigate the role of nanoparticle size in the interactions between adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette and gold nanoparticles in zebrafish embryos. The results showed that all the three AuNPs induced significant toxicity as reflected by del...更多
Despite the increasing evidences for adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette -mediated efflux of nanoparticles, the universality of these phenomena and the determining factors for the process remained to be clarified. This paper aimed to systemically investigate the role of nanoparticle size in the interactions between adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette and gold nanoparticles in zebrafish embryos. The results showed that all the three AuNPs induced significant toxicity as reflected by delayed hatching of embryos, decreased glutathione contents, and increased reactive oxygen species levels. Under the hindrance of embryo chorions, smaller AuNPs could more easily accumulate in the embryos, causing higher toxicity. Addition of transporter inhibitors enhanced the accumulation and toxicity of Au-3 and Au-19, and these nanoparticles induced the expressions of abcc2 and abcb4, indicating a fact that Au-3 and Au-19 were the potential substrates of ABC transporters, but these phenomena were barely found for Au-84. On the contrary, Au-84 suppressed the gene expressions of various ABC transporters like abcc1, abcg5, and abcg8. With specific suppressors, transcription factors like nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 and pregnane X receptor were found to be important in the induction of ABC transporters by AuNPs. After all, these results revealed a vital role of nanoparticle sizes in the interactions between ABC transporters and AuNPs in zebrafish embryos, and the critical size could be around 19 nm. Such information would be beneficial in assessing the environmental risk of nanoparticles, as well as their interactions with other chemical toxicants.收起
