Global, regional, and national trends for childhood myocarditis from 1990 to 2021: health inequality and age-period-cohort analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Affiliations 1 Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Children's Important Organ Development and Diseases of Chongqing Municipal Health Commission, National Clinical Key Cardiovascular Specialty, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. 2 Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease Office, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China. 3 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Background: Childhood myocarditis may have a profound impact on lifelong health worldwide. This study aimed to assess the trends and explore the health inequality along with age-period-cohort analysis for CM from 1990 to 2021. Methods: This study is based on the database for Global Burden of Disease 2021. The age-standardized rate of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years was used to assess CM burden. Estimated annual percentage changes in ASR from 1990 to 202...更多
Background: Childhood myocarditis may have a profound impact on lifelong health worldwide. This study aimed to assess the trends and explore the health inequality along with age-period-cohort analysis for CM from 1990 to 2021. Methods: This study is based on the database for Global Burden of Disease 2021. The age-standardized rate of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years was used to assess CM burden. Estimated annual percentage changes in ASR from 1990 to 2021 were used to calculate the time trends. Health inequalities related to the sociodemographic index and APC effect for CM burden were studied in this study. Findings: A significant decreasing trend for ASR of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs from 1990 to 2021 was found for CM globally. The increased EAPC of prevalence for CM was still high in high SDI regions. Higher ASR of prevalence and incidence and lower ASR of mortality and DALYs were significantly associated with higher SDI levels. A significant increase in SDI-related health inequalities was found from 1990 to 2021 for ASR prevalence. Higher risk for CM prevalence was found in the younger ages, recent periods, and birth cohort among high SDI regions. Non-optimal temperature was also significantly associated with elevated risk of mortality and DALYs for CM. Interpretation: Although CM burden has been decreasing in recent years, the disproportionate CM burden globally warrants caution. Effective methods should be used to decrease CM burden in the future.收起
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