2 One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University - The Edinburgh University, Shanghai, 200025, China4 Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, China5 Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania1 School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China3 National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
Malaria remains a critical public health challenge, especially in regions like southeastern Tanzania. Understanding the intricate relationship between environmental factors and malaria incidence is essential for effective control and elimination strategies. Cohort study. This cohort study, conducted between Jan 2016 and October 2021 across three districts in southeastern Tanzania, utilized advanced machine learning techniques, specifically the Extreme Gradient Boosting model, to examine the imp...更多
Malaria remains a critical public health challenge, especially in regions like southeastern Tanzania. Understanding the intricate relationship between environmental factors and malaria incidence is essential for effective control and elimination strategies. Cohort study. This cohort study, conducted between Jan 2016 and October 2021 across three districts in southeastern Tanzania, utilized advanced machine learning techniques, specifically the Extreme Gradient Boosting model, to examine the impact of climate factors on malaria incidence. SHapley Additive exPlanations values were applied to interpret model predictions, highlighting the roles of normalized difference vegetation index , temperature, and rainfall in shaping malaria transmission dynamics. Analysis revealed considerable heterogeneity in malaria incidence across southeastern Tanzania, with Kibiti experiencing the highest number of cases over the study period. Seasonal peaks corresponded with rainy periods, though incidence rates varied by district. Incorporating lagged climate variables and seasonal trends significantly improved forecast accuracy, with the one-month lag model achieving the lowest mean absolute error and root mean squared error . SHAP analysis identified seasonality , followed by lagged temperature , rainfall , and NDVI , as the most influential factors, reflecting the biological underpinnings of malaria transmission. This study demonstrates the utility of machine learning and explainable SHAP in malaria epidemiology, providing a data-driven framework to guide targeted, climate-informed malaria control strategies. By capturing seasonal and climate-linked risks, these methods hold promise for enhancing public health planning and adaptive response in malaria-endemic regions.收起
