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作者

Qian Cheng, Yiou Fan, Pengfei Zhang, Huan Liu, Jialin Han, Qian Yu, Xueying Wang, Shuang Wu, Zhiming Lu

作者单位

Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China. Electronic address: luzhiming@sdu.edu.cn. Affiliations ¹ Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China. ² Laboratory and Quality Management Department, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong, China. ³ Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China. ⁴ Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China

刊名

Ageing research reviews

年份

2024

页码

102642

ISSN

1872-9649

关键词

Alzheimer(’)s disease Biomarker Blood Cerebrospinal fluid Functional brain imaging technique Synapse.

摘要

Synapse has been considered a critical neuronal structure in the procession of Alzheimer's disease , attacked by two pathological molecule aggregates in the brain, disturbing synaptic homeostasis before disease manifestation and subsequently causing synaptic degeneration. Recently, evidence has emerged indicating that soluble oligomeric amyloid-β and tau exert direct toxicity on synapses, causing synaptic damage. Synaptic degeneration is closely linked to cognitive decline in AD, even in the a...更多

Synapse has been considered a critical neuronal structure in the procession of Alzheimer's disease , attacked by two pathological molecule aggregates in the brain, disturbing synaptic homeostasis before disease manifestation and subsequently causing synaptic degeneration. Recently, evidence has emerged indicating that soluble oligomeric amyloid-β and tau exert direct toxicity on synapses, causing synaptic damage. Synaptic degeneration is closely linked to cognitive decline in AD, even in the asymptomatic stages of AD. Therefore, the identification of novel, specific, and sensitive biomarkers involved in synaptic degeneration holds significant promise for early diagnosis of AD, reducing synaptic degeneration and loss, and controlling the progression of AD. Currently, a range of biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid , such as synaptosome-associated protein 25 , synaptotagmin-1, growth-associated protein-43 , and neurogranin , along with functional brain imaging techniques, can detect variations in synaptic density, offering high sensitivity and specificity for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. However, these methods face challenges, including invasiveness, high cost, and limited accessibility. In contrast, biomarkers found in blood or urine provide a minimally invasive, cost-effective, and more accessible alternative to traditional diagnostic methods. Notably, neuron-derived exosomes in blood, which contain synaptic proteins, show variations in concentration that can serve as indicators of synaptic injury, providing an additional, less invasive approach to AD diagnosis and monitoring.收起

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